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Greek Philosophers

When I teach Greeks in schools I love to talk about the Greek philosophers and their antics. It seems to me that philosophy was a lot more fun back then. Indeed according to St Paul it is all the Athenians ever did.

Diogenes the Cynic was a fascinating character who was not intimidated by wealth power or status. When he was interrupted sunbathing by Alexander the Great he told the conqueror to get out of his sun. He irritated the Athenians by carrying a lit lantern by day looking for an honest man and not finding one and when he was sold into slavery told the auctioneer that the only work he was good for was being a master.

Pythagorous was a great mathematical genius and boxer. He even competed in the Olympic Games where he won which could have made his fortune. He maintained a school on Sicily where his students regarded his teaching as that of the gods themselves. This teaching extended to how his students should dress, act and even go to the toilet. He seems to have venerated beans and died when he was pursued by an angry mob into a bean field which he refused to cross preferring to be beaten to death than squash a bean.

Socrates is regarded as the founder of philosophy. Before his innovation in thinking philosophers were concerned with the nature of reality. Socrates opened up thinking about living and the good life. Like Diogenes he irritated the people of Athens by showing that many people did not have good reasons for their ideas. He himself was irritated by the prophetess at Delphi who proclaimed him to be the wisest man in Greece. He sought for someone wiser than himself and was horrified to find nobody. This and his criticism of wealth and power as goods in themselves made him enemies and in 399BC he was tried for atheism and corrupting youth, found guilty and condemned to death by poisonous drink. Despite having amply opportunity to escape into exile he accepted the courts judgment and died.

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The Escape of Charles II

On the 3rd September Oliver Cromwells New Model Army defeated the Royalist army at Worcester. The Kings ambitions to regain his kingdom were thwarted and he returned to his lodging in the city. As he was planning his escape a troop of Parliamentary horsemen arrived at the front door to arrest him, he just in the nick of time escaped with sixty of his officers through the back door. Thus begins the episode known as the escape of Charles II. With an award on his head of a thousand pounds Charles plunged into the countryside to escape. First he dismissed his companions hoping that with only a few companions he might have a better chance and then relying on a small clique of sympathetic gentlemen he attempted to escape into Wales. During this period he stayed at White Ladies Priory, Boscobel House and Moseley Hall. At Boscobel house the Kings hair was cut and he was disguised as a servant which involved teaching him the local accent and how to walk as a labourer. Whilst Parliamentary troops searched the nearby woodland the King and a companion hid in an oak tree, the companion being forced to pinch the king to keep him awake. After staying at Molesley Hall the King and his party moved on. At Bromsgrove his horse lost a shoe. At the Blacksmiths he got news of his army that had been beaten at Worcester. He added that King Charles should be hung for bringing the Scots into an English matter to which the smith agreed. At Stratford-upon-avon the King kept up his disguise as a servant by being put to work in the kitchen. When he proved inept at setting up the roasting jack the cook became suspicious. Charles explained that he was too poor to eat meat and had no experience with roasting jacks, and the disguise was maintained. The route into Wales proved too well guarded so he and his companions went south to the coast in search of a ship to France. It was decided that the king would be disguised as a merchant going to recover debts but the man organising the ship, Captain Limbry did not appear. He had been locked in his bedroom by his wife who was afraid for his safety. Still hoping to escape from the south coast the King rode to Bridport only to find it full of troops and an Ostler who recognised him. Cleverly the King convinced the man that they had both been servants together for a gentlemen of Exeter. Finally the king rode east to Shoreham where his friends organised transport on the coal ship Surprise. Again the King was recognised by the Landlord and by one of the conspirators. He had to pay £200 danger money and hope against hope that the Landlord would keep his tongue. The King set sail, again, in the nick of time, two hours later a troop of soldiers arrived with orders to arrest the King. Charles escape is one of the most exciting episodes of the English Civil Wars. It has been widely celebrated in books and in film.

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What does Victorianism mean?

The Victorian era lasted from 1833 to 1902 and further, well into the years leading unto the First World War. Such a epic period of time, three lifetimes of men and women, is hard to define.

To start we need to do the definition. What do we mean by Victorian. Which of the three generations between 1833 and 1902 do we identify most as a typical Victorian? Is it the country squire, the colonial planter, the urban poor or the aristocracy? Only four stereotypes amongst the thousands who would clamour for our attention.

Is it a question of mental outlook? If so which of the philosophies do we choose? Do we pick the social darwinists, the anti-slavery evangelical, the cockney jingoist or the mid period skeptic of empire?

The Victorian era might be long and might have a number of sometimes contradictory. I actually argue that it defies effective categorisation but that does not stop me recognising it when I see it.

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After the storm: new Roman remains at Cockermouth — The Past

Devastating floods in 2009 wreaked havoc in Cumbria; Lynda Howard, however, found a silver lining amongst the clouds in the discovery of enigmatic Roman remains, exposed by the deluge.

After the storm: new Roman remains at Cockermouth — The Past
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Lunt Roman Fort in Baginton, Near Coventry

The Lunt is one of my favourite places in the world. The name is unique and seems to mean steep hill in Old English. It may date back to the small Anglo-Saxon era village that appeared in Baginton from the late 6th century onwards.

If you go there now you can see a partially reconstructed Roman fort. An ambitions 1970s project that emerged from the excavations of the multi-period Roman Fort found in the 1960s. After the site was fully excavated the team began reconstruction of building and fortifications as experimental archaeology. The structures today include an impressive gatehouse, ramparts, ditch and granary building.

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Book review

Can we do History in novels?

This post came to me when I was thinking about films for a previous post. I came to the conclusion that yes we can ‘do history’ by watching films and this leads to my next question, can we ‘do history’ by reading historical novels?

Photo by cottonbro on Pexels.com

First a little bit about me. I am dyslexic and I find reading difficult. you might think I have picked the wrong vocation, a historian, because that involves a lot of reading. Well you are right but I did not choose my vocation, its the only thing that I can do. To escape the limitations posed by my disability I have to be humble and wear funny coloured glasses, read very slowly and use audio-books where ever possible. I also use a variety of books which include historical fantasy books.

One of the best authors that I have ever come across is Harry Sidebottom. I have just finished his new book, <a href="http://<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B08GSSS2J3/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=B08GSSS2J3&linkCode=as2&tag=historytalk00-21&linkId=a63d3af91145a0e7ef172cb6ed0a3487">The Burning Road: The scorching new historical thriller from the Sunday Times bestsellerThe Burning Road, which was brilliant. Mr Sidebottom is an academic and a teacher so alongside being an author completes a disgusting holy trinity of over achievement. I first came across his work in <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://<iframe style="width:120px;height:240px;" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="//ws-eu.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=GB&source=ac&ref=qf_sp_asin_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=historytalk00-21&marketplace=amazon&region=GB&placement=B002RI9JNM&asins=B002RI9JNM&linkId=2910c49317ff956ece4f823102e81966&show_border=false&link_opens_in_new_window=false&price_color=333333&title_color=0066c0&bg_color=ffffff"> Warrior of Rome which I found to be an incredibly haunting novel. I have come to the conclusion that Mr Sidebottoms success lies in his incredibly good writing skills. These allow him to paint such vivid pictures of the ancient world, pictures of semen stained statues, soldiers in the tavern and the scene of the day after the siege failed. Somehow the wordsmith manages to allow you to look into this world and that is the value in my mind.

The power and value of good historical fantasy is that the material is as ‘true’ as a text book but at the same time over painted by false characters who open the doors and allow our imagination to gain access to those facts. For me this has been helpful. As a guide at the Lunt Roman Fort in Coventry I had to create an imaginary image of the fort that I could communicate to visitors and Warrior of Rome certainly had a role in that.

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Can we learn History from Films?

First I have used capitals for both History and Film. This is to mark them out as proper nouns. Can we learn or do History in Film? I think the question is far more complicated than it looks and that the conclusion will surprise you.

First I think that Film is an excellent medium for History. I am firmly in the camp that History is an Art and not a Science. Film is an artistic medium so manifesting an art in an artist medium poses fewer problems than presenting an art in a scientific medium. History as Science is like wearing a stiff collar in Church, uncomfortable, unnecessary and for someone else. That being said all art must guard against being a tool of the propagandist. Good art is didactic and welcomes comment and criticism, the propagandist brooks no contradiction.

Second, and I have experience of this, a Historian in a movie theatre must shut up and let other people enjoy the film when non-professionals are present. The problem with film is that the story must take priority over the facts and ‘authenticity’. Film is not History in the same way an essay or a journal article is History where facts and details are important. The story is the most important element and swords, bluebells or rabbits are much less important. Now where that story reflects the historical reality of events we can learn history. A story about the last hours in Hitlers bunker that draws on diaries and interviews can be a useful history compared to a relentlessly authentic medieval survey drama about the Peasants revolt putting modern Marxist thought into the mouths of 14th century peasants. If a film does not accord to the best possible knowledge of the story then we move from history into fantasy and for some narratives, and valuable stories, fantasy is the best medium.

Photo by Donald Tong on Pexels.com

Finally Film is a historical product and one which is part of our inheritance as citizens of a democracy. These are stories we choose to validate by using our time to watch and our money to buy. As active citizens in our democracy we must know where we have come from to understand why the present is as it is and for many film is how we do that. The importance lies in us choosing to watch and spend money on this because it becomes our product and not a propaganda fostered on us by the elite. Such an elite history you can find in museums and art galleries across Britain and see just how attractive they are to the public.

Photo by Maria Pop on Pexels.com

Ultimately all history is for the public and film is probably the most democratic artistic medium available in the current age. The impact of historical film can be seen particularly well in Scotland where the SNP gained a boost from the Braveheart (yes I know.) film and Scottish democracy has been supercharged. The SNP are enjoying the trade wind of popular nationalism not stirring it up which separates them from other nationalist movements. Talking of Braveheart this is an example of a fantasy film with a glancing relationship with history. Its a film which I have never watched but also one that if I did I would be very quiet and let the non-professionals just enjoy it. Do these films have value? Yes I think that they do and if they perpetuate myths, as long as they are benign myths, then I see no problem. If they are malign, the film should be cast out, but myths can be dealt with in articles and journals by professionals. Scientific and professional history needs to stay in the professional realm and let art flourish in the artistic realm and by accepting the opportunities and limitations of film we can create the conditions for valuable history that engages the active citizen to make our world a better place.

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Anglo Saxon History Romans

Poetry Van at Fargo Village for the BBC Strong Language Event

Today I went to Fargo Village to buy some books for some work I am going to start. When I got there my good friend was busy trying to buy petrol which during the current crisis (not crisis) is difficult. Whilst enjoying a cup of tea and a cake I saw this poetry van. The Poetry Van serves poems whilst you wait. I waited and waited and eventually I was “served”. The poet who wrote for me wrote a poem about the blinding of Vortigern by the Jutes after he betrayed them.

On my other post I have discussed the poem itself and have concluded that it is a very fine poem, written in fifteen minutes by a man who would normally spend days and blood over a single line. In my Jack Russell post I have not discussed the historical elements.

I think that Lewis is a very good man who dealt with an autistic obsessive very well indeed. The first thing he dealt with this morning was me telling him about the Frisken Massacre, the withdrawal of the Roman Legions from Britannia, the civil war between Vortigern and Ambrosias and then Vortigern getting his eyes popped out at a dinner party in vengeance for his betrayal of the Jute leaders.

He stressed that it would not be an authentic account and it would be a poetic representation of my interested in the topic. He asked me my feelings and I am sorry to say that I couldn’t think of any, as I say I am autistic and rarely feel anything. but I am good with poetic licence and a critic of stagnant “authenticity”. Frankly it is a delightful poem that with all the energy of the metaphysical poets tells the story of the coming of the English. I do not particularly care that Lewis has confused Britannia with England, brought in the Goths or has anachronistically used that name or put potatoes in a 5th century feast. I know that when I post this in some groups there will be ‘rivit counters’ who will not be able to get over such details. To such people please retweet the link with your criticism, that will be very useful.

The point that I like about the Coming of the English is that we see that history turns on the decisions of individuals and their actions good or bad. We see a peace treaty destroyed by one unnamed person spilling a drink and not saying sorry which leads to the massacre of the Friskens. We see the Jutish princes return to Jutland and then have to leave to make money and enter the service of the Tyrant Vortigern and we see Vortigern growing concerned about the rise of the Jutes and lashing out only to be betrayed and blinded in revenge.

Thankyou Lewis for my poem.

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Once and for all, licensing of metal detectorists won’t work — The Heritage Journal

By Nigel Swift .You hear it all the time from archaeologists and some detectorists: licensing will improve behaviour as the official code will be adhered to and finds will be recorded not concealed. I think it’s tripe, whoever proposes it. £100 is well worth paying if you’re minded to conceal finds from a farmer in […]

Once and for all, licensing of metal detectorists won’t work — The Heritage Journal
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A Cross in Time: The Market Cross at Kells — Archaeo𝔡𝔢𝔞𝔱𝔥

While damaged through constant exposure to the elements and even being once hit by a bus, the Kells Market Cross is a fragile, beautiful yet defiant survivor of over 1,100 years. Dating to the late 9th or perhaps the very early 10th century, the cross has a complex story regarding its art that has yet […]

A Cross in Time: The Market Cross at Kells — Archaeo𝔡𝔢𝔞𝔱𝔥